1 July, 2025

Board of Directors: How does the proportional appointment system of directors for minority shareholders work?

In corporate matters, minority shareholders may find themselves excluded from decision-making bodies, which generates tensions and, at times, legal conflicts. However, the Spanish legal system provides […]
24 April, 2025

The Shareholder’s Right to Information Under Spanish Law: Scope, Limitations, and Legitimate Exercise

The right to information is a fundamental pillar in any capital company, as it allows shareholders to access relevant data concerning the company’s management and economic-financial […]
17 October, 2024

International Arbitration: key to protecting and expanding business globally

Introduction to International Arbitration In an increasingly globalized world, international expansion is a strategic necessity for many companies seeking to capitalize on new business opportunities in […]
8 March, 2022

Arbitration and public order in the action for annulment of arbitral awards in Spain: Review of the Constitutional Court ruling of 15 february 2021

The recent ruling of the Constitutional Court of 15 February 2021 has declared that the review of arbitration awards by the High Courts of Justice must be interpreted restrictively, not allowing to review the merits of the case. Furthermore, the judgment holds that the arbitrator's duty to state reasons is not comparable to that required of judicial bodies. This duty is considered to be fulfilled if the reasoning of the award allows to know the criteria on which the decision is based. Thus, the arbitrators' duty to state reasons is more limited in scope than that required to courts.